Tutorials / Communication
Chip Antennas 
Chip Antenna matching and radiation pattern performance can be dramatically affected by the design/layout of a circuit...
A Beginners Guide to Ethernet 802.3
This EE-Note provides an overview of the Ethernet specification and some popular protocols that can be used “on top of” an Ethernet driver...
Home Networking with ZigBee
For the last few years, we've witnessed a great expansion of remote control devices in our day-to-day life. Five years ago, infrared (IR) remotes for the television were the only such devices in our homes...
Antenna Diversity
When the IEEE 802.11a wireless-LAN standard was defined, it opted for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing with quadrature amplitude modulation for communication in the 5-GHz band...
I2C Tutorial
I2C-bus compatible ICs don’t only assist designers, they also give a wide range of benefits to equipment manufacturers...
Introduction to LVDS
Recent growth in high-end processors, multi-media, virtual reality and networking has demanded more bandwidth than ever before...
How to Use a Smith Chart
A venerable calculation aid retains its allure in a world of lightning-fast computers and graphical user interfaces...
A Tutorial on Digital Video and MPEG Compression
Compression and digital video is introduced, transform coding, motion compensation and the need for compression are discussed. The technology and objectives behind the MPEG digital video encoding and decoding standard are described...
Infrared Sensing and Data Transmission
Many applications today benefit greatly from electrical isolation of assemblies, require remote control, or need to sense a position or presence. Infrared light is an excellent solution for these situations due to...
An IF Communication Circuit Tutorial
This article is intended to be a tutorial on the use of IF communication integrated circuits. The ISM band channel bandwidths and the Motorola MC13156 are used within this article as a platform for discussion...
Digital Modulation in Communication Systems
This application note introduces the concepts of digital modulation used in many communications systems today. Emphasis is placed on explaining the tradeoffs that are made to optimize efficiencies in system design...
Noise and Interference
In the past EMC, otherwise known as Electromagnetic Compatibility, referred to a variety of guidelines used in industry to describe electrical/electronic appliances radiated influence and/or susceptibility in an increasingly rich electronics environment...
Sigma Delta Principles
T he performance of digital signal processing and communication systems is generally limited by the precision of the digital input signal which is achieved at the interface between analog and digital information...
Data Access Arrangement
The Data Access Arrangement (DAA) is an amplitude and frequency limiter to protect the telephone network from interference from privately-owned equipment...
Introduction to DSP's
Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is used in a wide variety of applications, and it is hard to find a good definition that is general...
Introduction to Spread Spectrum
We use a correlation receiver to determine whether a +1 or a 1 was transmitted at a time instant m. We assume that the transmitter is connected to...
Antennas for Low Power Applications
There seems to be little information on compact antenna design for the low power wireless field. Good antenna design is required to realize good range performance...
Signal and System Demonstrations from John Hopkins University
A Java applet that performs graphical convolution of continuous-time signals on the screen. Select from provided signals, or draw a signal with the mouse. Includes an audio introduction with suggested exercises and a multiple-choice quiz...
A Brief Overview of GSM
In 1989, GSM responsibility was transferred to the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI), and phase I of the GSM specifications were published in 1990. Commercial service was started in mid1991, and by 1993 there were...
Sampling Theory
With rapid advancement in data acquistion technology (i.e. analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters) and the explosive introduction of micro-computers, selected complex linear and nonlinear functions currently implemented with analog circuitry are being...
Beam Antenna Design
You need not be a structural engineer or invest an absurd amount of money to build a beam type of antenna. Good performance can be obtained with simple antennas made from some very ordinary materials...
More Antennas
Antennas, to quote a friend, are one of life's eternal mysteries. "All I'm totally certain of is that any antenna is better than no antenna and the antenna should preferably erected as high and be as long as is possible or desirable"...
NTSC Video
The first NTSC reviewed in 1940 and 1941 the existing arts of television and brought forth standards which were thereupon promptly adopted by the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) as the basis of the black-and-white service...